![]() ![]() Although these significant genes were identified, still remains a need for a more comprehensive and exhaustive analysis to find novel prognostic factors. identified and validated five genes ( CDK1, DLGAP5, MELK, NUSAP1, and RRM2), the expression levels of which were strongly associated with shorten survival time. identified eight genes ( MAPT, MYB, MELK, MCM10, CENPA, EXO1, TTK and KIF2C) associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients through biological evidence pertaining to TNBC, metastases, and patient survival. The CENPA gene was a significantly independent prognostic marker for patients with ER-positive breast cancer. found that a decreased level of BECEN1 gene expression in human breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis. Recently, several gene signatures have been identified to predict prognostic outcomes. Triple-negative breast cancer is one of the subtypes currently having no such prognostic factors and no targeted drug therapies. However, in addition to these traditional makers, there are still novel prognostic factors which are required for predictions of survival for patients with ill-defined breast cancer types. Well-known prognostic factors such as ER and HER2 can be used to predict which patients face higher levels of risk. With regard to clinical intervention, it is critical to identify which patients are at risk of developing a more fatal type of breast cancer. More recently, various uses of molecular profiling in breast cancer also includes ER and PR status testing, HER2/neu receptor status testing, and gene profile testing with, for example, MammaPrint or Ocnotype DX. In general cases, the menopausal status of the patient, the stage of the disease, the grade of the primary tumor, the estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status, and the level of human epidermal growth factor type 2 receptor (HER2) expression have been used for prognosis predictions. Prognosis and therapy selection for those with breast cancer are usually affected by clinical and pathology features based on conventional histology and immunohistochemistry findings. In 2015, an estimated 234,190 new cases will be diagnosed, and 40,730 deaths from breast cancer will occur. In conclusion, based on a gene expression analysis, we suggest that our well-defined scoring method of the prediction of survival outcome may be useful for developing prognostic factors in breast cancer.īreast cancer is one of the most common cancer types in women. In addition, we found that cancer patient with poor prognosis, i.e., triple-negative cancer, HER2-enriched, TP53 mutated and high-graded patients had higher prognosis prediction scores than those with other types of breast cancer. The four prognostic gene sets predicted worse survival rates in three independent gene expression data sets. ResultsĪs a result, four prognosis prediction gene set modules were constructed. Prognosis prediction scores were determined as the ratio of gene expressions. We conducted log-rank tests and used unsupervised clustering methods to find reciprocally expressed gene sets associated with worse survival rates. ![]() In this study, we used gene expression datasets of tumors to identify prognostic factors in breast cancer. In recent studies, the gene expression profiling of tumors has been used as a promising means of predicting prognosis factors. ![]() Send us feedback about these examples.The survival of patients with breast cancer is highly sporadic, from a few months to more than 15 years. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'prognostic.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Christos Varounis, Scientific American, 3 Nov. 2021 Coronary artery calcification as a marker of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis detected by computed tomography can provide prognostic information when added to classical CV risk factors. Tribune News Service, oregonlive, 25 Nov. 2022 And some clinicians question the prognostic value, noting that people may live with plaques in their brain and never develop symptoms. 2022 The authors claim that their methodology works better than existing prognostic methods. 2022 Now, this paper, by a group of scientists associated with a brain injury research initiative called TRACK-TBI, shows that the assays are not only diagnostic, but also prognostic. 2023 Exercising and being otherwise healthy are other good prognostic signs. 2017 Look, my prognostic powers have failed me in the past, and I’ll doubtlessly be surprised again in 2023 and beyond. Anirban Basu, The Conversation, Can the method be turned into a prognostic tool, inferring to what extent UWS patients are on the road to recovery? - Christof Koch, Scientific American, 1 Nov. Adjective Including race in prognostic models intended to reward individual efforts can also increase disparities. ![]()
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